The Structures of Chitooligosaccharides

Chitosan belongs to a kind of natural linear polysaccharide that is made up of β-1,4-GlcNAc and β-1,4-GlcN. It is a non-toxic biopolymer. Chitosan consists of rather unstable glycosidic bonds resulting in the formation of chitooligosaccharides by cleaving it with hydrolyzing agents. Chitooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization less than 20 possess an average molecular weight of less than 3.9 kDa. Chitooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization less than 10 are typically water soluble, while the solubility of chitooligosaccharides with a DP greater than 10 is dependent on the degree of acetylation and the pH of the solution. Chitooligosaccharides display a variety of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidant effects. In addition, it has been shown that enhanced antifungal and antioxidant activities are associated with higher degrees of polymerization. The increasing commercial availability of chitooligosaccharides justifies the higher demand for them compared to their precursor molecule.

Fig.1 The structure of chitooligosaccharides. (Tabassum, et al., 2021)

Chitooligosaccharide Manufacture Service at CD BioGlyco

CD BioGlyco provides chitooligosaccharides manufacture service by Enzymatic Method.

• Production

We utilize a branching glycosyltransferase from Rhodothermus obamensis expressed in Bacillus subtilis to hydrolyze chitosan for the production of chitooligosaccharide. This enzyme transfers a segment of a 1,4-α-D-glucan chain to another glucan chain, creating 1,6-α-linkages and increasing the number of branch points. We utilize this enzyme in soluble form and immobilize it onto glutaraldehyde-agarose, with chitosan serving as the substrate.

This immobilization strategy involves the enzyme’s superficial amine groups, which react with the aldehyde groups of the support. This reaction produces Schiff bases that are subsequently reduced, forming stable alkyl amine covalent bonds. As a result, the enzyme and the support form a nonreversible covalent bond, leading to an improvement in the enzyme’s thermal stability.

The process of enzyme immobilization is highly efficient. There are several advantages to using immobilized enzymes, including enhanced enzyme stability and simple separation of the enzyme from other reaction components. Moreover, enzyme immobilization on insoluble support enables the enzymatic derivative to be reused for multiple cycles of chitosan hydrolysis.

Fig.2 The steps of chitooligosaccharide manufacture. (CD BioGlyco)

• Quality control

Applications

• Chitooligosaccharides are applied in a wide range of food applications. They are not only useful for the preservation of food quality and the extension of shelf life but also serve as valuable functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals.
• Chitooligosaccharides are used as preservatives and packaging because of the material inhibitory effects against different microbes.
• Chitooligosaccharides can be used as potential drug carriers due to their unique properties such as water solubility, biodegradability, and low toxicity.

Advantages of Us

• We utilize immobilized enzymes for production that offers enhanced stability, prolonging their functional lifespan.
• Our method makes the separation of the enzyme from other reactions effortless as immobilization simplifies downstream processes.
• Our strategy is an economically and environmentally favorable approach.

CD BioGlyco is an unparalleled carbohydrate manufacturing company and offers comprehensive Oligosaccharide Manufacture Service. With years of experience in chitooligosaccharide research, we provide premium service for the production of chitooligosaccharides. CD BioGlyco has the ability to deliver one-stop solutions that propel scientific progress and shape the future of carbohydrate-based industries. If you find our services appealing, don't hesitate to contact us.

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