Characteristics of Carbohydrate Derivatives

Carbohydrates (glycoconjugates) are one of the most widely distributed classes of biomolecules in nature and, together with nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, form the basic building blocks of cells. For a long time, carbohydrates have been regarded primarily as structural and energetic substances of living organisms. With the deepening of glycobiology research, people are more and more aware that carbohydrate derivatives are also an important class of information molecules. They are widely involved in life processes such as pathogen infection, immune response, cell division and differentiation, inflammatory response, and tumor metastasis. On the other hand, it is also an important medicinal molecule, such as the anticoagulant heparin, aminoglycoside antibiotics, and bacterial polysaccharide conjugate vaccines, which are widely used for treating diseases. In addition, it is often used as a "chiral pool" starting material for the synthesis of natural products or pharmaceutical intermediates with important biological activities and applications.

Fig.1 General mechanism of glycosylation reactions. (Wu & Ye, 2019)

Our Technologies

Chemical synthesis is an important way to obtain homogeneous structural polysaccharides. At CD BioGlyco, we mainly use glycosylation reactions to synthesize complex carbohydrate derivatives. Our strategies for glycan assembly consist of the following:

The strategy of orthogonal selective one-pot glycosylation

The method is based on the orthogonal selective activation of multiple sugar blocks with different leaving groups by choosing different activators, thus accomplishing the construction of multiple glycosidic bonds in the same reaction vessel.

Advantages:

• Avoids the repeated protection/deprotection operations in conventional glycan chain synthesis
• Does not require the separation of intermediates

Thus greatly simplifying the steps for the synthesis of carbohydrate derivatives.

The strategy of reactivity-based one-pot glycosylation

The method uses a set of glycosyl modules with the same leaving group, which are added sequentially to the reaction vial according to their reactivity. Finally, the glycosylation reaction is ordered in a designed direction.

The strategy of preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation

The main principle of this method is that a monosaccharide donor is pre-activated at low temperatures and subsequently coupled to a monosaccharide acceptor, followed by continued coupling to the next acceptor. In this way, rapid synthesis of the target polysaccharide can be achieved by repeating the donor preactivation and the addition of the acceptor for glycosylation several times.

The strategy of automated solid-phase glycosylation

The method is carried out on solid phase carriers and rapid purification of intermediates is accomplished with the assistance of the carriers. At the same time, we use machines to improve the efficiency of polysaccharide synthesis.

Fig.2 Several chemical strategies for synthesizing carbohydrate derivatives. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications

• In medicine, carbohydrate derivatives can be used in the manufacture of drug carriers.
• Carbohydrate derivatives production can be used to produce food additives.

Advantages

• We have chemical synthesis strategies for a wide range of glycoconjugates.
• Our production services help to explore the physiological functions of carbohydrate derivatives.

CD BioGlyco has a team of specialized researchers who offer a wide range of chemical synthesis methods for carbohydrate derivatives. All of our strategies have been proven over and over again. If you are interested in our services, please do not hesitate to contact us.

• Natural Extraction-based Carbohydrate Derivative Manufacture Service
• Enzymatic Conversion-based Carbohydrate Derivative Manufacture Service
• Microbial Fermentation-based Carbohydrate Derivative Manufacture Service